While historical analogies help simplify a complex past, such simplification of select memories associated with the Cultural Revolution allows the CCP to justify crackdowns against pro-democracy students and contemporary independent Marxist activists.

Russia's invasion of Ukraine has exacerbated Beijing's strategic environment, negatively impacted its geo-economic goals, and violated Beijing's long-held diplomatic principles. Washington should therefore take advantage of this opportunity by driving a wedge between Russia and China through re-engaging Beijing.

While most of the attention has been drawn to nuclear-tipped missiles and intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), recent North Korean military modernization has not been limited to nuclear and strategic weapons alone.

Chinese industrial practices have long historical precedents and are unlikely to change as the country seeks to move up the value chain.